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Empty 1 Gallon Paint Cans True Value North Reading Ma

Ditulis Minggu, 06 Maret 2022 Tulis Komentar Edit

measure

Prepared past Bodie V. Pennisi, Gary Fifty. Wade, Melvin P. Garber, Paul A. Thomas and James T. Midcap, Horticulture Department
Original manuscript by S.C. Myers and A.J. Lewis, old Extension horticulturists

  • Equivalents for liquid measure (book)
  • Equivalents for dry measure and weight
  • Metric system conversion table
  • Dilution of liquid pesticides at various concentrations
  • Equivalent quantities of dry materials (wettable powders) for various quantities of h2o based on recommended pounds per 100 gallons
  • Equivalent quantities of liquid materials (emulsion concentrates, etc.) for various quantities of water based on pints per 100 gallons
  • Charge per unit of application equivalent table
  • Fertilizer conversions for specified square feet and row areas
  • Fertilizer weight every bit measured by standard pot size
  • Chemical element concentrations for pounds soluble fertilizer in m gallons (U.S.) h2o
  • Injection ratios and nitrogen concentrations for abiding fertilization
  • Injector calibration with a conductivity meter
  • Parts per meg of desired food to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water (or grams in one liter) and vice versa
  • Conversion factors among electric electrical conductivity (EC) units
  • Various acids to add to irrigation h2o for acidification
  • Amounts of nutrient sources to combine in making diverse fertilizer formulas
  • Formulas for boosted fertilizer calculations
  • Miscellaneous conversions used in fertilizer calculations
  • Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizers and their release periods
  • Rates in lb/yd3 (kg/m3) for incorporation of three of the almost popular formulations of Nutricote into greenhouse root substrates
  • Materials, rates necessary to lower the pH level of greenhouse potting substrate 0.5 to 1.0 units
  • Approximate amount of materials required to change pH of potting mixes
  • Dilution/conversion chart for various chemical growth regulators
  • Pre-plant fertilizer sources and rates of awarding
  • Cornell Peat-light Mix A for seedlings, bedding plants and potted plants
  • Number of pots per bushel and per cubic m of soil mix
  • Number of nursery containers that tin be filled from 1 ydiii of soil mix
  • Coverage estimates for perlite, peat, topsoil and straw
  • Plant spacing guide (greenhouse)
  • Constitute spacing guide (field/orchard)
  • Estimated number of plants to fill 100 ft2 bed area for foursquare (row) and triangular (equilateral) planting patterns using 4 to 14 inch spacing distances
  • Number of bedding/groundcover plants required at diverse spacing for landscape planting
  • Number of plants per acre at diverse spacings
  • Times required to mow or trim lawn areas
  • Volume of water delivered - by size of hose
  • Cubic yards of soil needed at various depths and areas
  • Areas covered in foursquare anxiety at various depths
  • Temperature conversion
  • Formulas for calculating greenhouse volume
  • Formulas for calculating variously shaped areas

Pesticide and fertilizer recommendations often are fabricated on a pounds-per-acre or tons-per-acre ground for field production. All the same, greenhouse and plant nursery operators, landscape professionals and orchardists ofttimes must convert these recommendations to smaller areas, such as row feet or foursquare anxiety per tree or per pot. Pints, cups, ounces, tablespoons and teaspoons oft are the common units of measure out. Metric units of measure can farther complicate conversion.

This publication is designed to help growers make these calculations and conversions and to provide other data useful in the direction, planning and operation of horticultural enterprises. A number of formulas for computing fertilizer awarding rates on a parts-per-one thousand thousand basis are given. Tables for fertilizer injector calibration using a conductivity meter, equally well as pre-found application rates for diverse soil mix components and amendments, also are provided. A cursory explanation of how each table is used is provided.

Tables 1 through iii aid make up one's mind equivalent measures for liquid (volume) or dry (weight) chemical substances and also converting metric to English units.

Table 1. Equivalents for liquid measure out (volume)
Units of Measure
Gallons (gal) Quarts (qt) Pints (pt) Fluid Ounces
(fl oz) 		Cups Tablespoons (tbs) Teaspoons (tsp) Milliliters (ml) Cubic Centimeters (cc) Liters
(l)
one 4 8 128 sixteen — — — — —
— 1 2 32 4 — — — — —
— — 1 sixteen two 32 — — — —
— — — ane ane/8 2 half dozen 30 — —
— — — — 1 16 48 240 — —
— — — — — 1 three 15 — —
— — — — — — ane 5 — —
— — — — — — — 1 1 —
— — — — — — — 1000 1000 1
Table 2. Equivalents for dry mensurate and weight
Dry out Measure
iii level teaspoonfuls
16 level tablespoonfuls
2 cupfuls
two pints		 =
=
=
=		 1 level tablespoonful
ane cupful
one pint
1 quart
Weight
Pounds/Ounces to Metric
220.46 pounds
100 pounds
2.204 pounds
1.102 pounds
1 pound/16 ounces
8 ounces
4 ounces
iii.527 ounces
2 ounces
1 ounce
3/4 ounce
ane/two ounce
1/4 ounce
1/viii ounce
one/16 ounce
i/32 ounce
1/64 ounce
1/128 ounce		 =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=		 100 kilograms (kg)
45.349 kilograms
1 kilogram
500 grams (grand)
453.5900 grams
226.78 grams
113.39 grams
110 grams
56.lxx grams
28.35 grams
21.25 grams
14.17 grams
7.08 grams
3.54 grams
one.77 grams
885 milligrams
442 milligrams
221 milligrams
Ounces to Grams
3/8
1/ii
5/viii
three/four
7/8
1
2
ane/256
i/128
i/64
1/32
1/sixteen
i/8
one/4		 =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=		 ten.631
14.75
17.718
21.162
24.805
28.349
56.698
0.111
0.221
0.443
0.886
one.772
iii.544
seven.087
Table three. Metric system conversion table
Liquid chapters
1 fluid ounce (fl oz)
1 pint (pt) = 16 fl oz
ane quart (qt)
i gal (gal)
1 liter (l)
1 milliliter (ml)		 =
=
=
=
=
=		 30 milliliters (ml)
473 ml
946 ml
3,785 ml
i,000 ml
i cubic centimeter (cc)
Dry material weight
1 ounce (avoirdupois)
1 pound (lb)
1 kilogram (kg)		 =
=
=		 28.4 grams (g)
453.6 yard
1,000 g = 2.two lb
Book
1 cubic inch (in3)
one cubic foot (ftiii)
1 bushel (bu)
1 cubic thou (yd3)		 =
=
=
=		 16.4 milliliters (ml)
7.48 gal = 28.iii liters (fifty)
one.24 ftiii = 35.2 liters
21.vii bu = 765 liters
Linear
1 inch (in)
one foot (ft)
1 thousand (yd)
i meter (m)		 =
=
=
=		 2.54 centimeters (cm)
30.48 cm
91.44 cm
100 cm
Area
i square inch (in2)
i square foot (ft2)
1 square grand (yd2)
ane acre (a)
1 square mile (K2)		 =
=
=
=
=		 6.45 square centimeters (cm2)
0.09 square meter (chiliadii)
0.84 square meter (m2)
0.40 hectare (ha)
2.59 square kilometer (kmtwo)

Tables 4 through 7 help decide correct application rates for diverse pesticides.

Table 4. Dilution of liquid pesticides at diverse concentrations
Dilution

Amount Desired

one Gal 3 Gal 5 Gal 15 Gal
1:100 2 tbs + 2 tsp 1/2 cup 3/iv cup + five tsp 1 cup + 3 tbs
1:200 4 tsp one/four loving cup half-dozen½ tbs ane/2 cup + two tbs
1:400 ii tsp 2 tbs 3 tbs 4 tbs + 2½ tsp
1:800 1 tsp 1 tbs 1 tbs + 2 tsp 3 tbs + two½ tsp
i:g 3/iv tsp ii¼ tsp 1 tbs + one tsp 1 pt + 1/2 cup
Instance: Directions phone call for a one:200 dilution. To prepare 3 gal of finished production, you lot would demand to add i/iv cup.
Table five. Equivalent quantities of dry materials (wettable powders) for diverse quantities of water based on recommended pounds per 100 gallons
Water Recommended Rates
100 gal ane lb 2 lb three lb 4 lb 5 lb vi lb
50 gal 1/2 lb i lb 1½ lb 2 lb 2½ lb 3 lb
25 gal 4 oz 8 oz 12 oz 1 lb ane¼ lb ane½ lb
12.v gal two oz 4 oz half-dozen oz 8 oz ten oz 3/4 lb
five gal iii tbs 1½ oz 2½ oz three¼ oz four oz v oz
ane gal i tsp ii tsp 1 tbs 4 tsp 5 tsp 2 tbs
Case: Directions for apply specify a charge per unit of four lb per 100 gal water. To fix 1 gal of solution would require 4 tsp of textile.
Table vi. Equivalent quantities of liquid materials (emulsion concentrates, etc.) for diverse quantities of water based on pints per 100 gallons
Water Recommended Rates
100gal 1/2 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt
50 gal four fl oz 8 fl oz 1 pt 1½ pt ii pt 2½ pt
25 gal 2 fl oz iv fl oz eight fl oz 12 fl oz 1 pt 1¼ pt
12.5 gal one fl oz ii fl oz 4 fl oz six fl oz 8 fl oz 10 fl oz
5 gal 1 tbs 1 fl oz 2 fl oz 2½ fl oz 3 fl oz 4 fl oz
i gal 1/2 tsp 1 tsp two tsp 3 tsp 4 tsp 5 tsp
Example: Directions for apply specify a charge per unit of 4 pt per 100 gal water. To prepare five gal of solution would require 3 fl oz material.
Table 7. Rate of application equivalent table
Charge per unit per Acre Rate per 1000 sq ft Rate per 100 sq ft
Liquid Materials
ane pt 3/iv tbs 1/iv tsp
one qt 1½ tbs 1/ii tsp
1 gal 6 tbs 2 tsp
25 gal 4⅔ pt 1/two pt
fifty gal 4⅔ qt 1 pt
100 gal 2⅓ gal 1 qt
200 gal 4⅔ gal 2 qt
300 gal 7 gal 3 qt
400 gal 9¼ gal 1 gal
500 gal 11½ gal i¼ gal
Dry Materials
ane lb 2½ tsp 1/4 tsp
3 lb 2¼ tbs 3/4 tsp
4 lb iii tbs 1 tsp
5 lb 4 tbs one¼ tsp
x lb i/2 cup two tsp
100 lb two⅔ lb i/4 lb
200 lb 4⅔ lb 1/2 lb
300 lb seven lb 3/4 lb
400 lb nine¼ lb i lb
500 lb 11½ lb one¼ lb
Examples: For liquid materials, 100 gal per acre is equivalent to ii⅓ gal per 1000 ft2 or 1 qt per 100 ftii. For dry out materials, iv lb per acre is equivalent to 3 tbs per g ft2 or 1 tsp per 100 ft2.

Tables 8 through 9 aid determine the correct application rates for fertilizers when nutrition recommendations are based on fertilizer weight.

Table 8. Fertilizer conversions for specified square anxiety and row area
Material grouped by approximate weight per pint Recommended rate per acre* Fertilizer Charge per unit for Specific Areas
100 sq ft 1000 sq ft 10 sq ft 100 sq ft Per 10 feet of row spaced**
1 ft ii ft 3 ft
lb lb lb tbs pt tbs tbs loving cup
x oz per pint
Sulfur or
Dried Blood		 100 0.2 2.iii i.ii 0.four i.2 2.4 0.2
500 1.ii eleven.5 6.0 i.9 6.0 12.0 one.1
thousand 2.3 23.0 12.0 3.seven — — —
13 oz per pint
Urea or
Ammonium Nitrate or
Ammonium Chloride		 100 0.2 2.3 0.9 0.iii 0.nine i.8 0.2
500 1.2 11.five four.5 1.4 iv.v ix.0 0.viii
1000 two.3 23.0 ix.0 ii.viii — — —
16 oz per pint
Ammonium Phosphate or
Potassium Chloride or
Gypsum or
Mixed Fertilizers		 100 0.2 ii.iii 0.7 0.2 0.seven 1.iv 0.1
500 1.two 11.5 three.v 1.ii 3.5 7.0 0.7
1000 2.iii 23.0 7.0 2.three — — —
19 oz per pint
Calcium Nitrate or
Ammonium Sulfate or
Superphosphate		 100 0.2 2.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 1.ii 0.i
500 ane.2 11.5 3.0 ane.0 3.0 6.0 0.half-dozen
1000 2.3 23.0 6.0 2.0 — — —
23 oz per pint
Ground limestone or
Potassium sulfatex		 100 0.2 2.iii 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.1
500 1.2 11.5 2.5 0.8 2.5 5.0 0.five
1000 2.3 23.0 five.0 1.6 — — —
2000 four.6 46.0 10.0 3.ii — — —
* Any of the materials listed in the beginning column can be used at the rates shown below.
**High Rates, not desirable in row fertilization, are omitted in the table.
Instance: You lot wish to apply calcium nitrate at the rate of 500 lbs per acre. It weighs approximately 19 oz per pt. For application to 100 ft2, you demand 1.2 lb or 1.0 pt.
Table ix. Fertilizer weight as measured by standard pot size
Fertilizer Pot Size
ii¼" three" 3½" iv" 5" 6"
Ammonium nitrate 2 oz five½ oz 9 oz 15 oz 1 lb 12 oz 2 lb 15 oz
Urea, 45-0-0 2½ oz half-dozen oz nine oz 1 lb 1 lb thirteen oz 3 lb
Superphosphate 2½ oz 6 oz ix½ oz 1 lb 1 lb 14 oz 3 lb two oz
Dusting sulfur 2½ oz 6 oz ten oz 1 lb 1 lb 14 oz 3 lb 3 oz
Peters, twenty-v-30 2½ oz half dozen oz 10 oz ane lb ane oz 1 lb 15 oz iii lb 3 oz
Ammonium sulfate three oz vii oz 11 oz i lb 3 oz 2 lb 3 oz three lb 11 oz
Osmocote, 14-14-fourteen 3 oz seven½ oz 12 oz 1 lb four oz two lb five oz three lb thirteen oz
MagAmp, 12-62-0 iii oz 7½ oz 12 oz ane lb iv oz 2 lb 5 oz three lb 14 oz
Gypsum, CaSOfour 3 oz 8 oz 12½ oz one lb 5 oz two lb vii oz four lb 1 oz
Calcium nitrate 3 oz 8 oz 12½ oz 1 lb 6 oz 2 lb 8 oz 4 lb 2 oz
Peters, xv-0-15 iii½ oz viii oz 13 oz 1 lb 6 oz 2 lb ix oz 4 lb 5 oz
Potassium chloride iii½ oz 9 oz 14 oz 1 lb viii oz one lb 12 oz 4 lb nine oz
Sodium nitrate iv oz nine oz 15 oz 1 lb nine oz two lb 14 oz iv lb thirteen oz
Dolomitic limestone 5½ oz xiii oz 1 lb 5 oz 2 lb 4 oz 4 lb two oz half dozen lb fourteen oz
Clay flower pots are oft used for fertilizer measurement by greenhouse operators. The above shows average weights of several representative fertilizers every bit measured by standard dirt pots when level full. The iii-inch standard is considered to contain eight fl oz or 1 cup. Since the actual pot size varies with the manufacturer and the book of a given weight of fertilizer varies with wet and compaction, deviations of 10 percent may be expected but up to twoscore percent may occur.

Tables 10 through 14 help decide the correct application rates for fertilizers with various analysis when diet recommendations are based on parts per million and fertilizer injectors are used to deliver liquid plant fertilizer. Table 12 is designed to aid growers calibrate their injectors.

Table 10. Chemical element concentrations for pounds soluble fertilizer in thousand gal (U.S.) h2o
Desired PPM Pounds of Fertilizer Needed
% Nitrogen (North) % Phosphate (P2O5) % Potash (K2O)
30 25 20 15 10 20 xv 10 five 25 20 15 x
300 8.3 10.0 12.5 sixteen.7 23.0 — — — — 12.0 xv.0 twenty.0 30.0
275 7.8 nine.ii 11.four 15.3 23.0 — — — — 11.0 13.vii 18.2 27.5
250 7.three 8.four 10.two 13.9 21.eight — — — — 10.0 12.five 16.7 26.2
225 6.ii vii.5 9.3 12.5 18.seven — — — — 9.0 11.3 xv.0 22.5
200 5.6 6.7 8.4 xi.i sixteen.7 nineteen.2 — — — viii.0 10.0 13.three 20.0
175 four.9 5.8 7.3 9.vii 14.6 16.8 22.4 — — 7.0 8.8 10.7 17.5
150 4.ii five.0 6.three 8.three 12.5 14.4 nineteen.2 28.8 — 6.0 7.vi 10.0 xv.0
125 3.5 4.2 5.3 seven.0 x.2 12.0 16.0 24.0 48.0 five.0 6.2 8.4 12.5
100 2.8 iii.4 4.ii 5.6 8.3 nine.vi 12.6 19.2 38.4 4.0 five.0 vi.7 10.0
75 2.1 two.5 3.i four.2 6.2 7.2 9.vi 14.4 28.8 3.0 iii.8 five.0 seven.v
50 1.4 i.seven 2.1 2.viii iv.2 4.8 6.4 9.six 19.2 2.0 2.5 3.4 five.0
25 0.seven 0.9 ane.1 ane.4 ii.one 2.four 3.ii iv.eight ix.6 one.0 1.iii 1.7 2.5

Example: You wish to use 200 ppm Due north using a 20-ten-20 soluble fertilizer. Reading across from 200 ppm nether the 20 percent N cavalcade, you detect viii.4 lb are needed for yard gal h2o.

NOTES: i oz/ii gal is about 30 lb/1000 gal; 1 oz/iii gal is about 20 lb/m gal; 1 oz/5 gal is about 12 lb/thousand gal. 1 oz/gal = 7490 ppm; i oz/100 gal = 75 ppm.

To determine Parts Per 1000000 (ppm) of an element in a fertilizer, simply multiply the per centum of that element past 75. The answer volition be the ppm of the chemical element per oz of the fertilizer in 100 gal of water. Every bit an example, Ammonium Sulfate contains approximately 20 percentage Nitrogen. xx pct multiplied by 75 is 15, which is the ppm of Nitrogen in 1 oz of Ammonium Sulfate per 100 gal of h2o.
Table xi. Injection ratios and nitrogen concentrations for constant fertilizationi
Ratio Ounces of Fertilizer per Gal Concentrate
100 ppm N 150 ppm N 200 ppm N
30% N formulaa
1:200 13.5 20.2 27.0
1:200 nine.0 13.5 18.0
ane:150 6.seven x.1 thirteen.5
1:128 5.7 8.6 xi.5
1:100 4.5 6.7 ix.0
1:l 2.two 3.iii 4.5
1:thirty 13.0 ii.0 2.7
ane:24 i.0 1.half-dozen 2.1
i:15 0.67 1.0 1.iii
25% Northward formulab
1:300 sixteen.5 24.seven 33.0
1:200 xi.0 sixteen.5 22.0
one:150 eight.2 12.3 16.v
i:128 vii.0 10.5 14.0
1:100 5.five 8.2 11.0
i:50 2.7 four.ane 5.5
1:thirty 1.half dozen 2.four 3.3
1:24 1.three 1.9 2.6
one:15 0.82 1.2 1.half dozen
20% N formulac
one:300 20.ii 30.three xl.5
one:200 thirteen.5 twenty.two 27.0
i:150 ten.i xv.one twenty.ii
1:128 8.6 12.nine 17.two
1:100 6.7 ten.one 13.5
one:50 iii.3 5.0 6.7
1:30 2.0 3.0 4.0
i:24 ane.6 ii.four iii.ii
i:fifteen 1.0 ane.5 2.0
fifteen% Northward formulad
1:300 27.0 40.5 54.0
1:200 eighteen.0 27.0 36.0
i:150 13.v twenty.ii 27.0
ane:128 11.5 17.2 23.0
1:100 9.0 13.5 18.0
i:50 4.5 6.seven 9.0
one:30 ii.7 four.0 5.4
one:24 2.1 three.2 4.3
1:15 1.3 2.0 2.vii
oneFrom Ball RedBook, 16th Edition, published by Brawl Publishing. Reprinted with permission
aeast.g, thirty-10-10
beastward.g., 25-5-20, 25-10-10, 25-0-25
ce.g., xx-20-20, 20-5-30, 21-7-7
deast.g., 15-15-15, 15-30-15, xvi-4-12
Table 12. Injector calibration with a conductivity meterane
A. Peters Unmarried Element Fertilizer Components
ppm Nitrogen Ammonium
Nitrate
NH4NO3
34% N 		Ammonium
Sulfate
(NH4)2Then4
21% Northward 		Sodium
Nitrate
NaNO3
16% N 		Potassium
Nitrate
KNO3
14% Due north 		Calcium
Nitrate
Ca(NO3)2
15.five% N 		Epsom
Salt
MgSO4
x% Mg
fifty 0.23 0.45 0.43 0.48 0.37 0.38
75 0.35 0.68 0.65 0.71 0.55 0.56
100 0.46 0.90 0.86 0.95 0.74 0.75
125 0.58 1.13 one.08 1.18 0.92 0.94
150 0.69 i.35 i.29 1.42 1.11 1.13
175 0.81 one.58 1.51 i.66 ane.30 1.31
200 0.92 1.ninety 1.72 i.90 1.48 1.fifty
225 i.04 2.03 1.94 two.14 1.66 1.69
250 i.15 2.25 ii.15 2.37 1.85 i.88
275 1.27 2.48 two.37 2.61 2.04 two.06
300 i.38 two.seventy 2.58 2.85 2.22 two.25
350 1.61 iii.xv 3.01 three.32 2.59 2.63
400 one.84 iii.60 3.44 3.80 ii.96 iii.00
450 2.07 4.05 3.87 4.27 3.33 3.38
500 2.xxx 4.50 iv.30 4.75 3.70 iii.75
550 two.53 4.95 4.73 v.22 iv.07 4.13
600 2.76 v.forty 5.16 v.70 four.44 4.50
650 2.99 5.85 5.59 half-dozen.17 4.81 4.88
700 3.22 6.30 half-dozen.02 6.65 5.eighteen 5.25
750 3.45 6.75 6.45 7.12 5.50 5.63
800 3.68 7.xx 6.88 7.60 v.92 six.00
850 three.91 7.65 7.31 8.07 6.29 half-dozen.38
900 4.14 8.10 vii.74 8.55 half dozen.66 6.75
950 iv.37 eight.55 8.17 9.02 vii.03 seven.thirteen
grand four.sixty 9.00 8.threescore 9.fifty 7.40 seven.l
iAdapted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.1 R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140.
NOTES: 1) For utilize with meters in millimhos with Peters® Single Element Fertilizer Components. 2) These are readings fabricated with distilled water. 3) Exam your patently irrigation water starting time and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For case, your water examination indicates 0.5 mmhos and you are applying 500 ppm N with calcium nitrate. Your calibration reading is iii.70 - 0.5 = 3.xx mmhos.
Table 12. Injector calibration with a conductivity meterone
B. Peters Mixed Soluble Fertilizer Analysis
ppm Nitrogen 20-20-20
20-nineteen-xviii 		twenty-x-15 20-5-30 25-v-20 25-10-10
thirty-10-ten 		5-xi-26
Hydrosol 		15-16-17
15-11-29
15-20-25
50 0.23 0.31 0.22 0.12 0.09 i.00 0.32
75 0.34 0.47 0.33 0.18 0.fourteen i.50 0.48
100 0.45 0.62 0.44 0.24 0.18 2.00 0.65
125 0.56 0.78 0.56 0.30 0.23 2.50 0.82
150 0.68 0.93 0.69 0.36 0.27 3.00 1.00
175 0.79 1.09 0.81 0.43 0.32 three.50 i.20
200 0.ninety 1.24 0.94 0.51 0.36 4.00 1.xl
225 1.01 1.forty i.07 0.57 0.41 4.50 1.56
250 1.13 1.55 1.20 0.62 0.47 5.00 1.72
275 i.24 ane.71 i.32 0.71 0.51 5.50 ane.91
300 1.35 1.86 1.43 0.lxxx 0.54 vi.00 2.ten
350 1.58 2.17 1.66 0.92 0.64 6.l 2.45
400 i.80 two.48 1.90 ane.04 0.74 7.00 2.80
450 ii.03 2.79 2.15 1.xviii 0.85 vii.fifty iii.15
500 2.25 3.x 2.40 1.32 0.96 viii.00 iii.50
550 2.48 3.41 2.61 i.45 1.06 - 3.84
600 2.70 iii.72 2.82 1.58 i.xvi - 4.18
650 two.93 four.03 three.03 1.71 1.26 - 4.52
700 iii.15 4.34 3.24 1.84 ane.36 - 4.80
750 3.38 four.65 3.45 1.98 1.46 - 5.20
800 3.60 4.96 3.66 2.11 i.56 - 5.54
850 three.83 v.27 3.87 2.24 one.66 - 5.88
900 4.05 5.58 4.08 2.37 1.76 - vi.22
950 iv.28 five.89 4.29 2.l 1.86 - 6.56
thou iv.fifty 6.20 4.5 2.63 i.96 - 6.90
iAdapted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.1 R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140.
NOTES: 1) For employ with meters in millimhos with Peters® Fertilizer formulations. ii) These readings are made with distilled water. 3) Examination your plain irrigation water beginning and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your water test indicates 0.2 mmhos and you are applying 200 ppm N with 15-15-15 fertilizer. Your calibration reading is i.30 - 0.two = one.10 mmhos.
Table 12. Injector calibration with a conductivity meteri
B. Peters Mixed Soluble Fertilizer Analysis (cont.)
ppm Nitrogen 15-xv-fifteen fifteen-x-30 15-30-15 xv-0-15 16-iv-12 21-7-7
Acid 		21-seven-7
Neutral
50 0.30 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.32 0.28 0.21
75 0.46 0.51 0.47 0.55 0.48 0.42 0.32
100 0.62 0.seventy 0.62 0.74 0.64 0.56 0.42
125 0.79 0.87 0.78 0.94 0.81 0.seventy 0.53
150 0.96 1.50 0.93 1.15 0.98 0.84 0.63
175 1.xiii 1.23 1.09 one.35 1.14 0.98 0.74
200 ane.thirty 1.41 ane.24 1.55 i.31 1.12 0.84
225 1.47 ane.59 1.forty ane.72 ane.47 i.26 0.95
250 1.65 1.78 1.55 ane.90 1.62 1.40 i.05
275 1.82 ane.95 ane.71 2.09 1.81 i.54 1.16
300 1.98 2.12 one.86 ii.28 2.00 i.68 1.26
350 ii.31 2.45 two.17 2.64 2.29 1.96 one.47
400 ii.65 2.78 2.48 3.00 2.58 two.24 one.68
450 2.98 3.12 2.79 3.34 2.93 2.52 ane.89
500 3.25 three.46 3.ten three.68 3.28 2.80 ii.10
550 3.55 3.76 3.41 3.98 three.57 3.08 two.31
600 3.85 4.06 3.72 4.28 3.86 3.36 2.52
650 iv.xv iv.36 iv.03 four.58 4.15 3.64 2.73
700 iv.45 4.66 4.34 iv.88 4.44 3.92 2.94
750 4.75 iv.95 4.65 5.20 4.72 4.20 3.fifteen
800 5.05 5.25 4.96 5.50 four.98 4.48 3.36
850 5.35 5.55 v.27 5.80 5.24 4.76 3.57
900 five.65 5.85 5.58 6.10 5.fifty five.04 3.78
950 5.95 6.15 five.89 6.xl 5.76 5.32 iii.99
m half-dozen.25 6.45 6.xx 6.70 6.00 5.60 4.20
1Adapted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.one R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140.
NOTES: 1) For use with meters in millimhos with Peters® Fertilizer formulations. two) These readings are fabricated with distilled h2o. 3) Test your evidently irrigation h2o first and decrease that reading from the fertilizer-injected h2o. For example, your h2o test indicates 0.2 mmhos and you are applying 200 ppm N with 15-15-fifteen fertilizer. Your calibration reading is one.30 - 0.2 = 1.10 mmhos.
Table 13A. Parts per million of desired food to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of h2o and vice versa1
Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier
in 100 Gallons 		Per centum of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
12 13 14 15.v 16 20 20.five 21
1 9 9.7 ten.5 xi.six 12.0 15.0 fifteen.three 15.7
2 18 19.5 21.0 23.2 24.0 29.ix 30.vii 31.4
3 27 29.three 31.4 35.0 35.9 44.nine 46.0 47.2
four 36 38.9 41.9 46.4 47.9 59.nine 61.four 62.9
6 54 58.4 62.9 seventy.0 71.9 89.nine 92.i 94.3
8 72 77.8 83.8 92.8 95.8 119.vii 122.7 125.7
16 144 155.7 167.vii 185.6 191.7 239.v 245.5 251.5
24 216 233.5 251.5 278.4 287.v 359.ii 368.2 377.2
32 288 311.4 335.4 371.three 383.4 479.0 490.9 502.ix
40 359 389.2 419.2 464.0 479.2 598.vii 613.7 628.half dozen
48 431 467.0 503.0 556.eight 575.0 718.five 736.four 754.4
56 503 544.7 586.9 649.7 670.9 838.two 859.ii 880.1
64 575 622.vii 670.vii 742.iv 766.7 958.0 981.9 1005.8
1From Nelson, P.5. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Direction, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
Table 13A. Parts per million of desired food to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of h2o and vice versai (cont)
Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier
in 100 Gallons 		Percentage of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
33 44 45 53 sixty 62
1 24.7 32.9 33.7 39.7 44.9 46.4
ii 49.4 65.ix 67.4 79.3 89.8 92.0
iii 74.1 98.8 101.0 117.0 134.seven 139.2
four 98.viii 131.7 134.7 158.7 179.6 185.6
6 148.2 197.6 202.1 238.0 269.4 278.four
eight 197.6 263.4 269.4 317.3 359.two 371.2
16 395.2 526.nine 538.ix 634.6 718.five 742.four
24 592.7 790.3 808.3 952.0 1077.7 1113.half dozen
32 790.3 1053.7 1077.vii 1269.three 1436.9 1484.viii
twoscore 987.nine 1317.2 1347.1 1586.6 1796.2 1856.1
48 1185.5 1580.6 1616.5 1903.9 2155.4 2227.2
56 1383.0 1844.0 1886.0 2221.two 2514.six 2598.4
64 1580.6 2107.v 2155.4 2538.6 2873.9 2969.7
1From Nelson, P.5. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, fifth ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
Table 13B. Parts per million of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water and vice versaane
Grams of Fertilizer Carrier
in 1 Liter 		PPM of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
0.one 12 thirteen 14 16 16 20 20.5 21
0.2 24 26 28 31 three forty 41.0 42
0.3 36 39 42 47 48 sixty 61.5 63
0.4 48 52 56 62 64 80 82.0 84
0.6 72 78 84 93 96 120 123.0 126
0.eight 96 104 112 124 128 160 164.0 168
i.0 120 130 140 155 160 200 205.0 210
1.5 180 195 210 233 240 300 307.0 315
2.0 240 260 280 310 320 400 410.0 420
ii.five 300 325 350 388 400 500 512.five 525
3.0 360 390 420 465 480 600 615.0 630
3.five 420 455 490 543 560 700 717.5 735
4.0 480 520 560 620 640 800 820.0 840
aneFrom Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Direction, fifth ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
Table 13B. Parts per million of desired nutrient to grams of fertilizer carrier in 1 liter water and vice versa1 (cont)
Grams of Fertilizer Carrier
in i Liter 		PPM of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier
0.1 33 44 45 53 lx 62
0.ii 66 88 xc 106 120 124
0.3 99 132 135 159 180 186
0.four 132 176 180 212 240 248
0.half dozen 198 264 270 318 360 372
0.8 264 352 360 424 480 496
1.0 330 440 450 530 600 620
i.5 495 660 675 795 900 930
2.0 660 880 900 1060 1200 1240
2.5 825 1100 1125 1325 1500 1550
iii.0 990 1320 1350 1590 1800 1860
three.5 1155 1540 1575 1855 2100 2170
4.0 1320 1760 1800 2120 2400 2480
1From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Direction, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
Table fourteen. Conversion factors among electrical conductivity (EC) unitsone
From To Multiply by:
mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm mhos x ten-five/cm 100
mhos ten 10-5/cm mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm 0.01
mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm ∝mhos or mhos x 10-6 thou
∝mhos or mhos ten ten-six mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm 0.001
mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm ppm 670two
ppm mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm 0.00149252
mhos x 10-v/cm ppm six.seventytwo
ppm mhos x 10-v/cm 0.149252
∝mhos or mhos x 10-6 ppm 0.6702two
ppm ∝mhos or mhos x 10-six 1.49252
1 Adapted from T.J. Cavins, et al., 2000.
ii Some labs study EC in terms of ppm or convert EC to ppm. Although 670 is the basis used in this instance, the conversion factor can vary between 640 and 700. This conversion factor is an average due to the variability in the type of fertilizer salts that contribute to the substrate EC in each sample, and it should be considered a broad approximation. Expressing EC in terms of mS/cm or mhos/cm is the preferred method.

Table 15 is designed to assistance growers decide which acid to add and in what quantities to acidify their irrigation water.

Table xv. Diverse acids to add together to irrigation water for acidificationone
Notation: The table is an example from software called Alkalinity Calculator, bachelor at www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/software/alk.html. It is an acidification analysis washed on a water sample with a starting pH of 8.0 and alkalinity of 200 ppm CaCOthree acidified to an end point pH of 5.8. For your specific water sample, download the Alkalinity Figurer and follow the directions listed on the website. You will need to obtain a water report on your irrigation water prior to running the software. You lot will need to know the h2o pH and alkalinity of your sample and have an idea nigh what end-point pH yous want to obtain afterwards acidification. The software too gives yous data nearly the cost of the acidification treatment.
ALTERNATIVE ACIDS TO ADD TO IRRIGATION WATER
Amounts Acids
Phosphoric Acid (75%) Phosphoric Acid (85%) Sulfuric Acid (35%) Sulfuric Acid (93%) Nitric Acid (61.iv%) Nitric Acrid (67%)
For Pocket-size Volumes
ml per liter 0.253 0.207 0.348 0.087 0.234 0.209
fl oz per gallon 0.032 0.027 0.044 0.011 0.030 0.027
ml per gallon 0.956 0.785 1.316 0.330 0.884 0.793
For a 1:100 Injector
fl oz per gallon (conc.) 3.23 ii.65 4.45 i.12 2.99 two.68
ml per gallon (conc.) 95.63 78.47 131.59 32.98 88.forty 79.28
For a ane:128 Injector
fl oz per gallon (conc.) iv.fourteen iii.40 5.70 1.43 3.83 iii.43
ml per gallon (conc.) 122.41 100.44 168.44 42.22 113.16 101.48
For a ane:200 Injector
fl oz per gallon (conc.) 6.47 5.31 8.90 2.23 v.98 v.36
ml per gallon (conc.) 191.27 156.94 263.19 65.97 176.81 158.56
NUTRIENTS ADDED By EACH Blazon OF Acrid
Nutrients Added Phosphorus Phosphorus Sulfur Sulfur Nitrogen Nitrogen
Amount Added (ppm) 94.6 94.vi 50.3 50.3 43.7 43.7
Use the information above for modifying your fertility program.

Tables 16 through 20 help determine which fertilizers to use based on chemic assay, reaction in substrate, longevity in substrate (tedious release fertilizers), and incorporation rates for some popular tiresome release fertilizers. Tables 17 and xviii are specifically designed to provide detailed information on fertilizer calculations, which also assist determine correct application rates.

Tabular array 16. Amounts of nutrient sources to combine in making various fertilizer formulasone
Fertilizer Proper noun Food Sources2
Assay 33
-0
-0 		13
-0
-44 		15.5
-0
-0 		sixteen
-0
-0 		21
-0
-0 		45
-0
-0 		0
-0
-60 		12
-62
-0 		21
-53
-0 		% of N
as NH4
+ Urea 		Reaction
in
Substrate4
Ammonium nitrate 33-0-0 X fifty A
Potassium nitrate xiii-0-44 10 0 North
Calcium nitrate 15.5-0-0 X 6 B
Sodium nitrate 16-0-0 10 0 B
Ammonium sulfate 21-0-0 X 100 A
Urea 45-0-0 Ten 100 SA
Potassium chloride 0-0-60 X - N
Monoammonium phosphate 12-62-0 X 100 A
Diammonium phosphate3 21-53-0 X 100 SA
Magnesium nitrate 10-0-0 0 B
Chrysanthemum dark-green xviii-0-22 1 two i 47 A
General Summertime 20-ten-24 1 1 2 1 83 A
General low phosphate 21-iv-20 seven iv 1 55 A
Full general summertime 21-17-20 1 2 iii iii xc A
Full general 17-six-27 4 iv one 57 A
UConn Mix nineteen-5-24 6 2 2 1 49 N
Editor'due south favorite twenty-5-thirty xiii 4 two 57 SA
20-xx-twenty substitute 20-20-22 4 i iii 67 SA
Starter and pink hydrangea 12-41-15 ane 2 65 SA
Starter and pink hydrangea 17-35-16 i four x 100 SA
N-Thousand just sixteen-0-24 2 1 2 forty SA
N-Yard merely 20-0-30 one 2 28 SA
Blue hydrangea 13-0-22 2 i 100 VA
Blue hydrangea fifteen-0-15 3 1 100 VA
Acid 21-9-nine 3 1 seven 1 ii 79 VA
Jump carnation 10-0-17 5 2 0 B
Winter nitrate 15-0-xv 1 ii 5 B
Winter potash 15-0-22 i 1 4 B
Lily substitute sixteen-4-12 1 4 6 1 22 N
Loftier Yard 15-x-xxx 7 i 2 28 Northward
1From Nelson, P.Five. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
2For names of nutrient sources, meet the first nine entries in the Proper name column.
3Diammonium phosphate may be pelletized and coated. To deliquesce, use very hot water and stir vigorously. Sediment germination should not cause concern. Use crystalline potassium chloride if possible.
4B = basic; N = neutral; SA = slightly acid; A = acrid; VA = very acrid.
NOTE: For example, an eighteen-0-22 formula fertilizer tin be formulated by blending together one lb of ammonium nitrate plus 2 lbs of potassium nitrate plus 1 lb of ammonium sulfate. This formulation is determined by locating the eighteen-0-22 formula in the Analysis cavalcade. Then the iii numbers ane, 2 and ane are located in the row after this formula. Each of the three numbers is traced to the X above it and and so to the nutrient source to the left of the X.
Table 17. Formulas for additional fertilizer calculations
Compound Formula Weight
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Sulfate
Calcium Nitrate
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Sulfate
Urea		 NHivNOthree
(NH4)2SO4
Ca(NOthree)two
KNOiii
KCl
Thousand2So4
CO(NH2)2 		fourscore.8
132.0
164.0
101.ane
74.half-dozen
174.2
60.0
Element Symbol Atomic Weight
Calcium
Carbon
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Potassium		 Ca
C
Cl
H
Due north
O
P
yard		 40.1
12.0
35.five
1.0
14.0
xvi.0
31.0
39.1

Using Chemicals

one)

mg of fertilizer source/liter of water = (ppm)(formula weight)
(atomic weight of element)(number of units in formula of fertilizer source)

2)

ppm = (mg of fertilizer/liter of water)(atomic weight of element)(number of units of element in formula of fertilizer source)
(formula weight of fertilizer source)

3) to convert mg/l to lbs/100 gal, multiply mg by 0.0008344

4) to convert lbs/100 gal to mg/50, split up lbs by 0.0008344

Case: How many pounds of potassium sulfate (K2SOfour) need to exist dissolved in 100 gallons of h2o to brand 100 ppm G solution. Get the formula weight of potassium sulfate (1000iiSO4) and the atomic weight of potassium from Tabular array 14. Then:
ane) mg of Chiliad2SO4 / liter of h2o = (100 x 174.ii) ÷ (39.1 x 2) = 222.8 mg/L
two) 222.viii mg/L x 0.00083440 = 0.186 lbs potassium sulfate/100 gal

Using Premixed Fertilizers

1)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of N desired)(100)
(% N in fertilizer)

2)

ppm of P = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o)(% PtwoOv)(0.4366)
100

3)

ppm of K = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o) (% K2O) (0.8301)
100

4)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of P desired)(100)
(% P2O5)(0.4366)

5)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of thousand desired)(100)
(% K2O) (0.8301)

six)

mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water)(% Northward)
x
Table 18. Miscellaneous conversions used in fertilizer calculations
one millimeter or cubic centimeter of h2o weighs 1 gram
1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram
ane gallon of water weighs eight.34 pounds
ane part per million (ppm)
1 part per meg
1 part per million		 = 0.0001 percent
= 1 milligram/liter
=0.013 ounces in 100 gallons of water
1 per centum
1 percent
1 percent
i percent
i percent		 = 10,000 ppm
= ten grams per liter
= 10,000 grams per kilogram
= one.33 ounces past weight per gallon of h2o
= viii.34 pounds per 100 gallons of water
0.1 percentage
0.01 percent
0.001 percent
0.0001 percent		 = chiliad ppm
= 100 ppm
= 100 ppm
= 100 ppm		 = 1000 milligrams per liter
= 100 milligrams per liter
= 10 milligrams per liter
= one milligram per liter
Approximate weight-book measurements for making small-scale volumes of h2o soluble fertilizers
1 cup = 8 oz or 0.v lbs of fertilizer
2 cups = ane lb of fertilizer
1 tablespoon = 0.5 oz of fertilizer
ii tablespoons = 1 oz of fertilizer
Useful conversions
1 ton/acre = 20.8 grams/square foot
1 ton/acre = 1 lb/21.78 square feet
1 gram/square foot = 96 lbs/acre
1 lb/acre = 0.0104 g/square foot
100 lbs/acre = 0.2296 lbs/100 square feet
grams/square pes ten 96 = lbs/acre
lbs/foursquare foot ten 43,560 = lbs/acre
100 square feet = i/435.6 or 0.002296 acres
Weight conversions from lbs/acre to weight/100 square feet
lbs/acre amount applied/100 square feet
100 3.seven oz
200 7.4 oz
300 eleven.i oz
400 14.viii oz
500 1 lb 2.v oz
600 ane lb 6 oz
700 1 lb x oz
800 1 lb 13 oz
900 2 lb one oz
1000 2 lb 5 oz
2000 4 lb 10 oz
Per centum to Ratio Conversion
2.0% 1:50
1.5% i:67
1.0% 1:100
0.9% ane:111
0.eight% 1:128
0.vii% 1:143
0.6% ane:167
0.5% ane:200
0.4% ane:250
0.3% ane:333
0.2% ane:500
Table19. Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizers and their release periods1
Assay Longevity2 (months) Product Proper name
xiv-fourteen-14 3-iv Osmocote®3
19-6-12 3-iv Osmocote®3
thirteen-13-xiii 8-ix Osmocote®iii
xviii-6-12 viii-ix Osmocote®iii Fast Commencement
18-6-12 8-9 Osmocote®three
17-7-12 12-xiv Osmocote®3
15-9-12 3-four Osmocote® Plus
15-9-12 v-half dozen Osmocote® Plus
fifteen-9-12 8-9 Osmocote® Plus
15-9-12 12-14 Osmocote® Plus
15-9-12 xiv-16 Osmocote® Plus
16-viii-12 8-9 Osmocote® Plus Minors Tablets
19-5-8 + Minors viii-9 Osmocote® Pro with Poly-Due south
19-5-9 + Minors 12-xiv Osmocote® Pro with Poly-Southward
20-5-8 + Minors 8-9 Osmocote® Pro with Poly-S
24-4-8 8-9 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
24-iv-7 12-14 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
24-4-half dozen 14-16 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
21-four-seven w/ Mg & Atomic number 26 8-9 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
21-3-7 w/ Mg & Fe 12-14 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-4-nine + Minors 5-6 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-4-8 + Minors 8-9 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-4-7 + Minors 12-14 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
22-4-6 + Minors 14-16 Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea
20-4-9 viii-nine Osmocote® Pro with Methylene Urea and Ureaform
20-iv-8 12-xiv Osmocote® Pro with Methylene Urea and Ureaform
23-4-8 + Minors xiv-16 Osmocote® Pro + ScottKote™
xix-7-x + Fe 3-4 Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Atomic number 26
xviii-7-10 + Fe viii-9 Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron
17-vii-10 + Fe 12-14 Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron
13-10-thirteen five-6 Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
15-ten-10 eight-9 Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
18-eight-eight viii-9 Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
twenty-4-viii viii-9 Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
18-5-9 12-fourteen Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors
17-vi-12 + Minors 3-4 Sierra® Tablets
17-6-10 + Minors 8-9 Sierra® Tablets
1 From the Scotts Company and Subsidiaries, Marysville, OH 43041.
ii At an average root substrate temperature of 70 degrees F (21 degrees C).
3 Half dozen trace elements plus magnesium.
Table twenty. Rates in lb/ydthree (kg/yardthree) for incorporation of three of the most pop formulations of Nutricote into greenhouse root substrates1
Release Type (days3) Sensitive Crops Medium-Feeding Crops Heavy-Feeding Crops
13-13-13
70 2.v (1.v) 5 (three.0) 8.5 (five.i)
100 3.five (2.ane)
140 five (3.0) 9 (5.4) 13 (7.viii)
180 vi (3.6) eleven (half dozen.vi) 17 (10.2)
270 eight (four.8) 13 (7.8) 21 (12.six)
360 11 (six.6) 15 (nine.0) 25 (15.0)
xiv-14-xiv
40 2 (1.ii) 5 (iii.0) 8 (4.7)
70 4 (2.4) 9 (5.four) xiv (8.3)
100 5 (3.0) 12 (7.1) 20 (11.ix)
140 8 (4.7) 15 (9.0) 22 (13.0)
180 12 (vii.1) 20 (11.9) 28 (16.6)
270 16 (9.5) 24 (14.2) 32 (nineteen.0)
360 20 (xi.ix) 28 (16.half dozen) 36 (21.3)
18-6-8
70 2 (one.2) four.5 (two.7) seven.five (4.5)
100 3 (i.8) 6.5 (three.nine) 11 (6.6)
140 four.v (2.7) eight (4.8) 12 (seven.2)
180 six (three.six) eleven (6.6) 14 (viii.4)
270 8 (four.viii) 13 (7.viii) sixteen (12.0)
360 xi (six.half dozen) 15 (nine.0) 18 (thirteen.viii)
i From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th  ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Tables 21 through 22 are designed to assist growers in correcting the pH of the growing substrate.

Table 21. Materials and rates necessary to lower the pH level of greenhouse potting substrate 0.five to i.0 units1
Material Pounds to incorporate
in lbs/yd3 		Pounds to deliquesce
in 100 gal h2otwo 		Rate of change
in pH
Aluminum sulfate 1.5 6.0 Rapid
Fe sulfate ane.5 6.0 Moderate
Finely ground elemental sulfur 0.75 - Dull
1 Adapted from Bailey, D.A. 1996.
2 Apply this deluge every bit a normal watering, near ane quart per square foot or viii fluid ounces per 6-inch pot.
Table 22. Approximate amount of materials required to modify pH of peat-based potting mixesane
Start pH Pounds per cubic yard to modify acerbity to pH 5.7 for:
50% Peat
l% Moss 		100% Peat
7.5ii 2.0 3.4
vii.0 ane.5 ii.5
6.five 1.0 two.0
5.03 2.5 3.five
4.five 5.6 7.iv
4.0 vii.9 eleven.5*
3.5 10.5* xv.58
1 Adapted from Conover, C.A., and R.T. Poole. 1984.
2 Add sulfur or acidifying mixture to lower pH to 5.7.
3 Add dolomitic lime or equivalent amount of calcium to raise pH to 5.seven.
* Add-on of more than than x pounds of dolomitic per yd3 can crusade micro-food deficiencies.

Table 23 will help when applying various plant growth regulators.

Table 23A. Dilution/conversion chart for A-REST (0.0264% active ingredient)1
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Last Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution Milliliters per Liter
of Final Solution
1 48 14.34 3.79
three 1.45 43.02 11.36
10 iv.85 143.39 37.88
25 12.12 358.47 94.lxx
50 24.24 716.93 189.39
75 36.36 1075.xl 284.09
100 48.48 1433.87 378.79
Drench
Dose (Milligrams per six-in Pot) Drench Volume per vi-in Pot*
(Fluid Ounces) 		ppm solution Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Concluding Solution Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
0.125 iv 1.06 0.51 15.15 4.0
0.25 4 2.xi one.02 30.30 8.01
0.50 4 4.23 2.05 60.61 16.01
0.75 4 six.34 3.07 90.91 24.02
1.00 four 8.45 iv.ten 121.21 32.02
1Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
*2 fl oz/4-in pot; 3 fl oz/v-in pot; ten fl oz/8-in pot
Table 23B. Dilution/conversion chart for CYCOCEL (11.8% active ingredient)one
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Last Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Liter
of Terminal Solution
1,000 one.08 32.08 8.47
1,500A 1.63 48.12 12.71
two,000 2.17 64.16 sixteen.95
2,500 2.71 fourscore.xx 21.19
3,000B three.25 96.24 25.42
5,000 5.42 160.twoscore 42.37
Drench
Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot) Drench Volume per 6-in Pot*
(Fluid Ounces) 		ppm solution Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Liter of Terminal Solution
355 6 ii,000 two.17 64.18 16.95
532 6 3,000B 3.25 96.xviii 25.42
710 half-dozen iv,000 iv.34 128.36 33.90
oneAdjusted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
ACommonly referred to as 1:eighty.
BCommonly referred to as 1:40.
*2 fl oz/two.25- to 3-in pot; iii fl oz/4-in pot; four fl oz/5-in pot; 8 fl oz/viii-in pot.
Table 23C. Dilution/conversion chart for B-Ix WSG (85% active ingredient)1
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Grams per Gallon of Final Solution Grams per Liter of Final Solution
ane,000 0.sixteen 4.45 1.18
ii,500 0.39 11.13 2.94
5,000 0.79 22.26 5.88
seven,500 i.eighteen 33.40 viii.82
aneAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
Tabular array 23D. Dilution/conversion chart for BONZI (0.4% active ingredient)1
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution Milliliters per Liter of Concluding Solution
1 0.032 0.95 0.25
iii 0.096 2.84 0.75
v 0.160 iv.73 1.25
10 0.320 nine.46 2.fifty
15 0.480 14.xx 3.75
25 0.800 23.66 6.25
45 i.440 42.59 11.25
sixty i.920 56.78 xv.00
90 ii.880 85.17 22.l
Deluge
Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot) Drench Book per six-in Pot*
(Fluid Ounces) 		ppm Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Concluding Solution Milliliters per Liter of Concluding Solution
0.1 four 0.85 0.03 0.8 0.21
0.2 iv one.69 0.05 one.6 0.42
0.5 four 4.23 0.14 4.0 one.06
i.0 4 viii.45 0.27 eight.0 two.11
1.9 4 16.06 0.51 15.2 iv.02
1Adjusted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
* 2 fl oz/4-in pot; 3 fl oz/5-in pot; x fl oz/8-in pot.
Table 23E. Dilution/conversion chart for SUMAGIC (0.055% agile ingredient)ane
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
1 0.26 7.57 2
iii 0.77 22.71 6
5 i.28 37.85 10
ten two.56 75.71 20
fifteen iii.84 113.56 30
25 6.40 189.27 50
thirty 7.68 227.12 60
50 12.80 378.54 100
Drench
Dose (Milligrams per vi-in Pot) Drench Volume per six-in Pot*
(Fluid Ounces) 		ppm Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Concluding Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Terminal Solution Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
0.02 4 0.17 0.04 1.28 0.34
0.03 4 0.25 0.06 i.92 0.51
0.04 4 0.34 0.09 2.56 0.68
0.05 iv 0.42 0.11 three.20 0.85
0.06 iv 0.51 0.13 three.84 1.01
0.09 4 0.76 0.19 5.76 1.52
0.12 4 1.01 0.26 7.68 2.03
0.20 4 1.69 0.43 12.80 three.38
1Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
* 2 fl oz/4-in pot; three fl oz/5-in pot; x fl oz/8-in pot.
Table 23F. Dilution/conversion nautical chart for FLOREL (3.9% active ingredient)1
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Concluding Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Terminal Solution Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
300 0.97 28.72 seven.59
325 one.05 331.eleven 8.22
500 1.62 47.86 12.64
750 ii.43 28.89 xviii.97
975 3.16 93.34 24.66
1,000 iii.24 95.73 25.29
1Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
Table 23G. Dilution/conversion chart for PRO-GIBB (4% active ingredient)1
Spray
Spray Solution (ppm) Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Concluding Solution Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
2.5 0.008 0.24 0.06
5.0 0.016 0.47 0.xiii
100.0 0.320 9.46 ii.50
250.0 0.800 23.66 6.25
300.0 0.960 28.39 7.50
500.0 1.600 47.31 12.50
1Adjusted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.
Table 23H. Dilution/conversion chart for FASCINATION1
Spray
ppm BA/GA Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Terminal Solution Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution
1/1 0.007 0.2 0.06
5/5 0.04 one.1 0.3
10/10 0.07 2.ane 0.6
25/25 0.xviii 5.3 one.4
50/50 0.36 10.5 two.8
75/75 0.53 xv.8 4.2
100/100 0.71 21.0 v.five
iAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992.

Tables 24 through 25 are designed to assist growers who desire to set their own substrate mix.

Table 24. Pre-plant fertilizer sources and rates of application1,2
Nutrient Source Rate per Cubic Yard (per m3)
Soil-Based Media Soilless Media
To provide calcium and magnesium
When a pH rise is desired: Dolomitic limestone 0-10 lbs (0-6 kg) 10 lbs (6 kg)
When no pH shift is desired: Gypsum for calcium 0-5 lbs (0-three kg) 0-five lbs (0-3 kg)
Epsom salt for magnesium 0-1 lbs (0-0.six kg) 0-i lb (0-0.half-dozen kg)
To provide phosphorus*
Superphosphate (0-45-0) 1.5 lb (0.9 kg) 2.25 lbs (ane.3 kg)
To provide sulfur
Gypsum (calcium sulfate) i.5 lbs (0.9 kg) 1.5 lbs (0.9 kg)
To provide micronutrients: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum
Esmigran 3-6 lbs (one.8-iii.6 kg) three-6 lbs (1.8-3.6 kg)
Micromax 1-one.5 lbs (0.6-0.ix kg) ane-1.5 lb (0.6-0.9 kg)
Promax 1-1.five lbs (0.6-0.9 kg) i-1.v lb (0.6-0.9 kg)
F-555HF 3 oz (112 g) 3 oz (112 g)
F-111HR 1 lb (0.vi kg) 1 lb (0.six kg)
To provide nitrogen and potassium (optional)
Calcium nitrate, or 1 lb (0.vi kg) 1 lb (0.6 kg)
Potassium nitrate 1 lb (0.6 kg) 1 lb (0.6 kg)
1From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission.
2Rates in this table are for crops other than seedlings. Only limestone is necessary in seedling substrates. Optional food sources for bulb substrate include upward to 1 lb (0.6 kg) each of superphosphate, gypsum, and calcium nitrate; no potassium nitrate; and the low end of the rate range for micronutrients.
*These are maximum rates designed to supply phosphorus for three to four months if pH is maintained in a desirable range for the crop and the leaching percentage is at or below twenty pct.
Table 25. Cornell Peat-Lite Mix A for seedlings, bedding plants and potted plants*
Materials Used Corporeality per Cubic Yardane Amount per Bushel
Spagnum peat moss 0.5 cubic yard (13 bushels) 0.5 bushel
Horticultural course vermiculite
#2 size for seed formation
#two or 3 for transplanting		 0.5 cubic yard (13 bushels) 0.five bushel
Superphosphate, or ane to 2 pounds 20.five to 41.0 grams (one to 2 tablespoons)
Treble superphosphate2 0.5 to i pound 10.3 to twenty.v grams (0.6 to 1.two tablespoons)
Ground dolomitic limestone2 v to ten pounds 103 to 206 grams (v.2 to 10.4 tablespoons)
Gypsum2 2.0 pounds 41 grams (2.five tablespoons)
Calcium nitrate 0.5 pound 10 grams (i.ii tablespoons)
Potassium nitrate 0.5 pound ten grams (one.2 tablespoons)
Trace chemical element textile (Use Only One)
Esmigran, or 4.0 pounds 81 grams (4.0 tablespoons)
Micromax 1.v pounds 31 grams (1.7 tablespoons)
Wetting agent (Use Only One3)
Aqua-Gro 2000 granular, or 1.0 pound ---
Aqua-Gro 2000-L liquid4 iii-5 fluid ounces 0.5 level teaspoon
PsiMatric liquid5 2-4 fluid ounces 0.5 level teaspoon
aneA cubic yard equals 27 cubic anxiety or approximately 22 bushels. A 15 to 20 percentage shrink occurs in mixing. Therefore, an boosted 5 cubic feet or four bushels are used to obtain a full cubic k.
iiIf treble superphosphate is used, gypsum is added to supply sulphur. If only v pounds of limestone are used for pH control, then add the gypsum that supplied calcium and sulphur.
iiiThe granular Aqua-Grow is preferred.
43 ounces/yard for germination/seedlings, 5 ounces/yard for bedding plants and pot plants.
52 ounces/m for germination/seedlings, 4 ounces/yard for bedding plants and pot plants.
*Adapted from Fonteno. W.C. 1994
Tabular array 28. Coverage estimates for perlite, peat, topsoil and straw
Thickness four cu ft Perlite 6 cu ft Canadian peat (compressed) i cu yd* Peat mulches, Topsoil, etc. i Bale
Pinestraw Wheatstraw
2 in 28 sq ft 72 sq ft 162 sq ft ninety sq ft 180 sq ft
1 in 48 sq ft 144 sq ft 324 sq ft 180 sq ft 360 sq ft
1/2 in 96 sq ft 288 sq ft 648 sq ft 360 sq ft 720 sq ft
1/4 in 192 sq ft 576 sq ft 1296 sq ft 720 sq ft 1440 sq ft
*1 cubic yard (ydthree) = 27 cubic anxiety (ftiii)

Tables 29 through xxx help determine correct spacing and number of plants at each spacing for both greenhouse and field situations.

Tabular array 29. Plant spacing guide (greenhouse)
Spacing Plants/sq ft Plants/A of
production area 		Plants/A of
ground covered*
8" x nine" two.0 87,000 58,000
8" x eight" 2.iii 98,000 65,000
8" ten 7" 2.six 114,000 76,000
viii" x vi" iii.0 130,000 87,000
6" ten 7" 3.4 147,000 98,000
6" 10 six" 4.0 174,000 116,000
half-dozen" 10 5" 4.8 208,000 139,000
5" 10 five" five.8 252,000 168,000
5" x 4" vii.ii 313,000 209,000
five" x 3" 9.half dozen 418,000 279,000
4" x iii" 12.0 522,000 348,000
*Bold one/three of production area devoted to aisles, etc.
Table xxx. Plant spacing guide (field/orchard)*
Spacing Betwixt Rows of Plants Spacing Betwixt Plants Within the Row
Feet half dozen 8 x 12 14 16 eighteen xx 22 24 26
4 1815 1361 1089 907 777 680 605 544 495 453 418
6 1218 907 726 605 518 453 403 363 330 302 279
8 907 680 544 453 388 339 302 272 247 226 209
10 726 544 435 362 311 272 242 218 207 181 167
12 605 453 362 302 259 226 201 181 165 151 139
xiv 518 388 311 259 222 194 172 155 141 129 119
16 453 339 272 226 194 169 151 136 123 113 104
18 403 302 242 201 172 151 134 121 110 100 93
xx 363 272 218 181 155 136 121 108 99 ninety 83
22 330 247 207 165 141 123 110 99 90 82 76
24 302 226 181 151 129 113 100 xc 82 75 69
26 279 209 167 139 119 104 93 83 76 69 64
Number of Plants Per Acre
*To make up one's mind the number of plants per acre for spacings not given in the table, multiply the distance in the row past the distance betwixt rows and divide that number into 43,560.

Formulas for calculating greenhouse volume

These formulas are helpful in determining heating and cooling costs for greenhouses.

For the post-obit formulas:

L = length
W = width
West1 = width of short span
Due west2 = width of long span
He = height from flooring to eave
Hr = top from eave to top

Uneven-span greenhouses Uneven-span greenhouses

Effigy one-A. Formula for computing uneven-span greenhouse volume.

Greenhouse volume in cubic feet = [(W x He) + ([W1 x Hr] ÷ two) + ([W2 ten Hr] ÷ 2)] 10 Fifty

Even-span greenhouses Fifty-fifty-span greenhouses

Figure i-B. Formula for calculating even-span greenhouse volume.

Greenhouse volume in cubic feet = [(W x He) + ([W ten Hr] ÷ 2)] x L

Quonset structures Quonset structures

Effigy 1-C. Formula for calculating quonset greenhouse volume.

Greenhouse book in cubic feet = [(West 10 He) + ([3.14 x Hr²] ÷ two)] x Fifty

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to admit the following sources, certain tables from which were adapted to use in this publication.

  • Ball RedBook, 16 ed. 1998. Vic Brawl (Ed.) Ball Publishing.
  • Bedding Plants IV. 1994. J. Holcomb (Ed.) Ball Publishing.
  • Cornell Recommendations for Commercial Floricultural Crops, Part i. Cultural Practices and Product Programs.
  • Greenhouse Performance and Management, fifth ed. 1998. P. V. Nelson.
  • Hummert's Helphul Hints, 1999-2000 ed. Hummert International.
  • Installation and Maintenance of Mural Plants Bedding Plants. D.A. Bailey and M.A. Powell. 1999. N Carolina State University A&T State University Cooperative Extension. Horticulture Data Leaflet 555.
  • Calorie-free and fertilizer recommendations for product of acclimatized potted foliage plants. C.A. Conover and R.T. Poole, 1984, Foliage Assimilate (vii) 6: 1-6.
  • Greenhouse Media Lab Acid Addition Estimator to Command Alkalinity in Irrigation Water. B.Eastward. Whipker, D.A. Bailey, P.Five. Nelson, W.C. Fonteno, and P.A. Hammer. Cooperative Extension Services of the Northeast States.
  • Diet of Greenhouse Crops, pH and EC Meters â?? Tools for Substrate Analysis. 2000. T.J. Cavins, J.50. Gibson, B.Due east. Whipker, and W.C. Fonteno. N Carolina State Academy Enquiry Report. Florex.001.
  • Tips on Growing Bedding Plants, 4 ed. 1999. O.F.A. Services Inc.
  • Tips on the Apply of Chemic Growth Regulators on Floriculture Crops. 1992. O.F.A. Services Inc.
  • Tons to Teaspoons, L2285, University of California Cooperative Extension Service.
  • Water, Media and Nutrition. 1996. Alkalinity, pH and Acidification, Chapter 4. David Reed (Ed.) Ball Publishing.

DISCLAIMER: Trade named products listed does non imply endorsement over like products, which may also be bachelor.

Status and Revision History
Published on Mar 01, 2002
Unpublished/Removed on Feb 24, 2009
Published on Apr 29, 2009
Published with Total Review on April 25, 2012
Published with Full Review on Feb 22, 2016
Published with Full Review on Aug 01, 2017
Published with Full Review on Aug 10, 2020

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Source: https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B931&title=Conversion+Tables%2C+Formulas+and+Suggested+Guidelines+for+Horticultural+Use

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